(b) Nothing contained in this article 17 shall be construed to prohibit the use of additional parts and accessories on any vehicle not inconsistent with the provisions of this article.
(c) The provisions of this article 17 with respect to equipment required on vehicles shall not apply to implements of husbandry, road machinery, road rollers or farm tractors except as specifically made applicable in this act.
(d) The provisions of this article 17 with respect to equipment required on vehicles shall not apply to motorcycles or motor-driven cycles, except as specifically made applicable by law.
(e) A low-speed vehicle which is in compliance with the equipment requirements in 49 C.F.R. 571.500 shall be deemed to be in compliance with the provisions of this article 17.
History: L. 1974, ch. 33, § 8-1701; L. 1984, ch. 39, § 14; L. 2000, ch. 179, § 22; July 1.
(b) The secretary of transportation is further authorized to establish the procedure to be followed when request for approval of any lighting device or other safety equipment, component or assembly is submitted under this section.
(c) The secretary of transportation shall maintain and publish lists of all such devices, components or assemblies which have been approved by the secretary or under authority contained in this act.
History: L. 1974, ch. 33, § 8-1702; L. 1975, ch. 427, § 33; Aug. 15.
(1) From sunset to sunrise;
(2) when due to insufficient light or unfavorable atmospheric conditions, including smoke or fog, persons and vehicles on the highway are not clearly discernible at a distance of 1,000 feet ahead; or
(3) when windshield wipers are in continuous use as a result of rain, sleet or snow.
Stop lights, turn signals and other signaling devices shall be lighted as prescribed for the use of such devices.
(b) Motorcycles, motor-driven cycles and motorized bicycles manufactured after January 1, 1978, shall display lighted head and tail lights at all times that such vehicles are operated on any highway.
(c) Law enforcement officers shall issue a warning citation to anyone violating subsection (a)(3).
History: L. 1974, ch. 33, § 8-1703; L. 1982, ch. 45, § 1; L. 1990, ch. 49, § 1; L. 2006, ch. 182, § 3; July 1.
(b) Whenever any requirement is declared in this article as to the mounted height of lamps or devices it shall mean from the center of such lamp or device to the level ground upon which the vehicle stands when such vehicle is without a load.
History: L. 1974, ch. 33, § 8-1704; July 1.
(b) Every head lamp upon every motor vehicle manufactured or assembled after July 1, 1959, shall be located at a height of not more than fifty-four (54) inches nor less than twenty-four (24) inches to be measured as set forth in subsection (b) of K.S.A. 8-1704.
History: L. 1974, ch. 33, § 8-1705; L. 1975, ch. 39, § 16; April 19.
(b) Every tail lamp upon every vehicle shall be located at a height of not more than seventy-two (72) inches nor less than fifteen (15) inches.
(c) Either a tail lamp or a separate lamp shall be so constructed and placed as to illuminate with a white light the rear registration plate and render it clearly legible from a distance of fifty (50) feet to the rear. Any tail lamp or tail lamps, together with any separate lamp or lamps for illuminating the rear registration plate, shall be so wired as to be lighted whenever the head lamps or auxiliary driving lamps are lighted.
History: L. 1974, ch. 33, § 8-1706; July 1.
(b) Every such reflector shall be mounted on the vehicle at a height not less than fifteen (15) inches nor more than sixty (60) inches measured as set forth in subsection (b) of K.S.A. 8-1704, and shall be of such size and characteristics and so mounted as to be visible at night from all distances within six hundred (600) feet to one hundred (100) feet from such vehicle when directly in front of lawful lower beams of head lamps, except that reflectors on vehicles manufactured or assembled prior to January 1, 1970, shall be visible at night from all distances within three hundred fifty (350) feet to one hundred (100) feet when directly in front of lawful upper beams of head lamps.
History: L. 1974, ch. 33, § 8-1707; July 1.
(b) Every motor vehicle, trailer, semitrailer and pole trailer shall be equipped with electric turn signal lamps meeting the requirements of subsection (b) of K.S.A. 8-1721, except that passenger cars and trucks less than eighty (80) inches in width, manufactured or assembled prior to January 1, 1953, and vehicles registered under K.S.A. 8-194 need not be equipped with electric turn signal lamps.
History: L. 1974, ch. 33, § 8-1708; L. 1975, ch. 39, § 17; April 19.
History: L. 1974, ch. 33, § 8-1709; July 1.
(a) Buses, trucks, motor homes and motor vehicles with mounted truck-camper, 80 inches or more in overall width:
(1) On the front, two clearance lamps, one at each side, and on vehicles manufactured or assembled after July 1, 1959, three identification lamps meeting the specifications of subsection (g);
(2) on the rear, two clearance lamps, one at each side, and on vehicles manufactured or assembled after July 1, 1959, three identification lamps meeting the specifications of subsection (g);
(3) on each side, two side marker lamps, one at or near the front and one at or near the rear;
(4) on each side, two reflectors, one at or near the front and one at or near the rear.
(b) Trailers and semitrailers 80 inches or more in overall width, except boat trailers and house trailers for which special permits are required pursuant to K.S.A. 8-1911, and amendments thereto, for movement of such house trailers upon the highways of this state:
(1) On the front, two clearance lamps, one at each side;
(2) on the rear, two clearance lamps, one at each side, and on vehicles manufactured or assembled after July 1, 1959, three identification lamps meeting the specifications of subsection (g);
(3) on each side, two side marker lamps, one at or near the front and one at or near the rear.
(c) Trailers and semitrailers, except boat trailers and house trailers for which special permits are required pursuant to K.S.A. 8-1911, and amendments thereto, for movement of such house trailers upon the highways of this state:
On each side, two reflectors, one at or near the front and one at or near the rear.
(d) Truck-tractors:
On the front, two cab clearance lamps, one at each side, and on vehicles manufactured or assembled after July 1, 1959, three identification lamps meeting the specifications of subsection (g).
(e) Trailers, semitrailers and pole trailers 30 feet or more in overall length:
On each side, one amber side marker lamp and one amber reflector, centrally located with respect to the length of the vehicle.
(f) Pole trailers:
(1) On each side, one amber marker lamp at or near the front of the load;
(2) one amber reflector at or near the front of the load;
(3) on the rearmost support for the load, one combination marker lamp showing amber to the front and red to the rear and side, mounted to indicate maximum width of the pole trailer.
(g) Whenever required or permitted by this article, identification lamps shall be grouped in a horizontal row, with lamp centers spaced not less than six nor more than 12 inches apart, and mounted on the permanent structure of the vehicle as close as practicable to the vertical centerline, except that where the cab of a vehicle is not more than 42 inches wide at the front roof line, a single identification lamp at the center of the cab shall be deemed to comply with the requirements for front identification lamps.
(h) Boat trailers 80 inches or more in overall width:
(1) On each side, at or near the midpoint, one clearance lamp performing the function of both a front and rear clearance lamp;
(2) on each side, two side marker lamps, one at or near the front and one at or near the rear;
(3) on each side, two reflectors, one at or near the front and one at or near the rear.
History: L. 1974, ch. 33, § 8-1710; L. 1975, ch. 38, § 1; L. 1975, ch. 39, § 18; L. 1994, ch. 342, § 2; July 1.
(b) Rear clearance lamps, identification lamps and those marker lamps and reflectors mounted on the rear or on the sides near the rear of a vehicle shall display or reflect a red color.
History: L. 1974, ch. 33, § 8-1711; July 1.
The rear reflectors on a pole trailer may be mounted on each side of the bolster or load.
Any required red reflector on the rear of a vehicle may be incorporated with the tail lamp, but such reflector shall meet all the other reflector requirements of this article.
(b) Clearance lamps, so far as is practicable, shall be mounted on the permanent structure of the vehicle in such a manner as to indicate the extreme height and width of the vehicle, except that when rear identification lamps are required and are mounted as high as is practicable, rear clearance lamps may be mounted at optional height and when the mounting of front clearance lamps results in such lamps failing to indicate the extreme width of the trailer, such lamps may be mounted at optional height but must indicate, as near as practicable, the extreme width of the trailer. Clearance lamps on truck-tractors shall be located so as to indicate the extreme width of the truck-tractor cab. Clearance lamps and side marker lamps may be mounted in combination if illumination is given as required herein with reference to both.
History: L. 1974, ch. 33, § 8-1712; July 1.
(b) Front and rear clearance lamps and identification lamps shall be capable of being seen and distinguished under normal atmospheric conditions at the times lights are required at all distances between five hundred (500) and fifty (50) feet from the front and rear, respectively, of the vehicle.
(c) Side marker lamps shall be capable of being seen and distinguished under normal atmospheric conditions at the times lights are required at all distances between five hundred (500) and fifty (50) feet from the side of the vehicle on which mounted.
History: L. 1974, ch. 33, § 8-1713; July 1.
History: L. 1974, ch. 33, § 8-1714; July 1.
History: L. 1974, ch. 33, § 8-1715; July 1.
(b) Whenever a vehicle is lawfully parked upon a street or highway during the hours between a half hour after sunset and a half hour before sunrise, and in the event there is sufficient light to reveal persons and vehicles within a distance of one thousand (1,000) feet upon such street or highway, no lights need be displayed upon such parked vehicle.
(c) Whenever a vehicle is parked or stopped upon a roadway or shoulder adjacent thereto, whether attended or unattended, during the hours between a half hour after sunset and a half hour before sunrise and there is insufficient light to reveal any person or object within a distance of one thousand (1,000) feet upon such highway, such vehicle so parked or stopped shall be equipped with and shall display lamps meeting the requirements of subsection (a).
(d) Any lighted head lamps upon a parked vehicle shall be depressed or dimmed.
History: L. 1974, ch. 33, § 8-1716; July 1.
(b) Every farm tractor manufactured or assembled after January 1, 1975, shall at all times, and every other such motor vehicle shall at all times mentioned in K.S.A. 8-1703, and amendments thereto, be equipped with lamps and reflectors as follows:
(1) At least two head lamps meeting the requirements of K.S.A. 8-1724, 8-1726 or 8-1727, and amendments thereto.
(2) At least one red lamp visible when lighted from a distance of not less than 1,000 feet to the rear mounted as far to the left of the center of the vehicle as practicable.
(3) At least two red reflectors visible from all distances within 600 feet to 100 feet to the rear when directly in front of lawful lower beams of head lamps.
(c) On every combination of farm tractor and towed farm equipment or towed implement of husbandry, the farm tractor shall be equipped as required in subsections (a) and (b), and the towed unit shall be equipped at all times mentioned in K.S.A. 8-1703, and amendments thereto, with lamps and reflectors as follows:
(1) If the towed unit or its load extends more than four feet to the rear of the tractor or obscures any light thereon, the unit shall be equipped on the rear with at least one red lamp visible when lighted from a distance of not less than 1,000 feet to the rear, mounted as far to the left of the center of the towed unit as practicable, and at least two red reflectors visible from all distances within 600 feet to 100 feet to the rear when directly in front of lawful lower beams of head lamps.
(2) If the towed unit of such combination extends more than four feet to the left of the center line of the tractor, the unit shall be equipped on the front with an amber reflector visible from all distances within 600 feet to 100 feet to the front when directly in front of lawful lower beams of head lamps. This reflector shall be so positioned to indicate, as nearly as practicable, the extreme left projection of the towed unit.
(3) If the towed unit or its load obscures either of the vehicle hazard warning lights on the tractor, the towed unit shall be equipped with vehicle hazard warning lights described in subsection (a).
(d) The two red reflectors required in the preceding subsections shall be so positioned as to show from the rear, as nearly as practicable, the extreme width of the vehicle or combination carrying them. If all other requirements are met, reflective tape or paint may be used in lieu of the reflectors required by subsection (c).
(e) As used in this section:
(1) "Slow-moving vehicle" means any vehicle, farm tractor, implement of husbandry, equipment or piece of machinery designed for use at speeds of less than 25 miles per hour, or which is normally moved at speeds of less than 25 miles per hour, and includes all road construction or maintenance machinery, except when such machinery is engaged in actual construction or maintenance work and there is either a flagman or clearly visible warning signs to warn of such machinery's presence on the roadway.
(2) "Slow-moving vehicle emblem" means a triangular-shaped emblem of substantial construction having equal sides of 14 inches and an altitude of 12 inches, and such emblem shall be painted a fluorescent yellow-orange color and bordered with reflective red-colored strips having a minimum width of 1 3/4 inches, with the vertices of the overall triangle truncated in such a manner that the remaining altitude shall be at least 14 inches.
(f) The secretary of transportation shall approve slow-moving vehicle emblems which meet the requirements of this act, and shall compile and publish a list of approved emblems and the manufacturers thereof.
(g) A slow-moving vehicle emblem shall be mounted or affixed on the rear of the slow-moving vehicle in compliance with standard S276.2 of the American society of agricultural engineers, as such standard was revised in March, 1968.
(h) No person shall operate any slow-moving vehicle on any highway which is within the national system of interstate and defense highways, the state highway system or the state system of modern express highways and freeways, unless such vehicle is equipped with a properly mounted slow-moving vehicle emblem, which has been approved by the secretary of transportation, and which is maintained in a clean, fluorescent and reflective condition, or display a slow-moving vehicle emblem on any vehicle other than a slow-moving vehicle or display such emblem on a slow-moving vehicle which is being operated at a speed of 25 miles per hour or more, or to use such emblem in any manner other than authorized by this section.
(i) Notwithstanding the provisions of this section, a low-speed vehicle shall not be required to display a slow-moving vehicle emblem.
History: L. 1974, ch. 33, § 8-1717; L. 1975, ch. 39, § 19; L. 1975, ch. 427, § 34; L. 1984, ch. 39, § 15; L. 2000, ch. 179, § 23; July 1.
(b) Every animal-drawn vehicle shall be equipped at all times with a slow-moving vehicle emblem complying with subsection (g) of K.S.A. 8-1717.
History: L. 1974, ch. 33, § 8-1718; July 1.
(b) Fog lamps. Any motor vehicle may be equipped with not to exceed two (2) fog lamps mounted on the front at a height not less than twelve (12) inches nor more than thirty (30) inches above the level surface upon which the vehicle stands and so aimed that when the vehicle is not loaded none of the high intensity portion of the light to the left of the center of the vehicle shall project, at a distance of twenty-five (25) feet ahead, higher than a level of four (4) inches below the level of the center of the lamp from which it comes. Lighted fog lamps meeting the above requirements may be used with lower head lamp beams as specified in subsection (a) (2) of K.S.A. 8-1724.
(c) Auxiliary passing lamps. Any motor vehicle may be equipped with not to exceed two (2) auxiliary passing lamps mounted on the front at a height not less than twenty-four (24) inches nor more than forty-two (42) inches above the level surface upon which the vehicle stands. The provisions of K.S.A. 8-1724 shall apply to any combination of head lamps and auxiliary passing lamps.
(d) Auxiliary driving lamps. Any motor vehicle may be equipped with not to exceed two (2) auxiliary driving lamps mounted on the front at a height not less than sixteen (16) inches nor more than forty-two (42) inches above the level surface upon which the vehicle stands. The provisions of K.S.A. 8-1724 shall apply to any combination of head lamps and auxiliary driving lamps.
History: L. 1974, ch. 33, § 8-1719; L. 1975, ch. 39, § 20; April 19.
(b) A police vehicle when used as an authorized emergency vehicle may, but need not, be equipped with:
(1) Head lamps which alternately flash or simultaneously flash;
(2) flashing lights specified in subsection (a), but any flashing lights, used on a police vehicle, other than the flashing lights specified in K.S.A. 8-1722, and amendments thereto, rotating or oscillating lights or alternately flashing head lamps or simultaneously flashing head lamps, shall be red in color; or
(3) rotating or oscillating lights, which may display a flashing red light or alternate flashes of red and blue lights in combination.
History: L. 1974, ch. 33, § 8-1720; L. 1975, ch. 39, § 21; L. 1989, ch. 43, § 1; L. 1991, ch. 41, § 1; L. 2005, ch. 18, § 1; July 1.
(b) Any vehicle may be equipped and when required under this act shall be equipped with electric turn signals which shall indicate an intention to turn by flashing lights showing to the front and rear of a vehicle, or on a combination of vehicles on the side of the vehicle or combination toward which the turn is to be made. The lamps showing to the front shall be mounted on the same level and as widely spaced laterally as practicable and, when signaling, shall emit amber light: Provided, That on any vehicle manufactured prior to July 1, 1973, the lamps showing to the front may emit white or amber light, or any shade of light between white and amber. The lamps showing to the rear shall be mounted on the same level and as widely spaced laterally as practicable, and, when signaling, shall emit a red or amber light, or any shade of color between red and amber. Turn signal lamps shall be visible from a distance of not less than five hundred (500) feet to the front and rear in normal sunlight. Turn signal lamps may, but need not be, incorporated in other lamps on the vehicle.
(c) Every new motor vehicle sold within this state shall be equipped with turn signals meeting the requirements of subsection (b).
History: L. 1974, ch. 33, § 8-1721; July 1.
(b) Every bus, truck, truck tractor, trailer, semitrailer or pole trailer 80 inches or more in overall width or 30 feet or more in overall length shall be equipped with lamps meeting the requirements of this section.
(c) Vehicular hazard warning signal lamps used to display such warning to the front shall be mounted at the same level and as widely spaced laterally as practicable, and shall display simultaneously flashing amber lights. On any vehicle manufactured prior to January 1, 1969, the lamps showing to the front may display simultaneously flashing white or amber lights, or any shade of color between white and amber. The lamps used to display such warning to the rear shall be mounted at the same level and as widely spaced laterally as practicable, and shall show simultaneously flashing amber or red lights, or any shade of color between amber and red. Such warning lights shall be visible from a distance of not less than 500 feet in normal sunlight.
(d) Any police vehicle, when used as an authorized emergency vehicle, may be equipped with warning lamps mounted as widely spaced laterally as practicable, either inside such vehicle in front of the rear window or on the roof of such vehicle, and capable of displaying two alternately flashing amber lights to the rear of such vehicle. Such warning lamps may be used in lieu of or in combination with any other vehicular hazard warning signal lamps used to display such warning to the rear, and shall be visible from a distance of not less than 500 feet in normal sunlight.
(e) Every truck designed and used for collection and disposal of domestic or commercial waste or trash shall be equipped as provided in subsection (c) and shall operate such lamps when collecting or transporting waste or trash and traveling 15 miles per hour or less.
History: L. 1974, ch. 33, § 8-1722; L. 1975, ch. 39, § 22; L. 1978, ch. 39, § 1; L. 1981, ch. 45, § 1; July 1.
(b) Any motor vehicle may be equipped with not more than one running-board courtesy lamp on each side which shall emit a white or amber light without glare.
(c) Any motor vehicle may be equipped with one or more back-up lamps either separately or in combination with other lamps, but any such back-up lamp or lamps shall not be lighted when the motor vehicle is in forward motion.
(d) Any vehicle 80 inches or more in overall width, if not otherwise required by K.S.A. 8-1710, and amendments thereto, may be equipped with not more than three identification lamps showing to the front which shall emit an amber light without glare and not more than three identification lamps showing to the rear which shall emit a red light without glare. Such lamps shall be mounted as specified in subsection (g) of K.S.A. 8-1710, and amendments thereto.
(e) Any vehicle may be equipped with one or more side marker lamps and any such lamp may be flashed in conjunction with turn or vehicular hazard warning signals. Side marker lamps located toward the front of a vehicle shall be amber and side marker lamps located toward the rear shall be red.
(f) Any motor vehicle may be equipped with neon ground effect lighting, except that such lighting shall not flash, be any shade of red nor shall any portion of the neon tubes be visible. "Neon ground effect lighting" means neon tubes placed underneath the motor vehicle for the purpose of illuminating the ground below the motor vehicle creating a halo light effect.
(g) Any motor vehicle may be equipped with head lamps which alternately flash or simultaneously flash when such motor vehicle is being used as the lead motor vehicle of a funeral procession. A funeral hearse may serve as a funeral lead vehicle.
History: L. 1974, ch. 33, § 8-1723; L. 1994, ch. 342, § 3; L. 2003, ch. 100, § 5; L. 2005, ch. 18, § 2; July 1.
(1) There shall be an uppermost distribution of light, or composite beam, so aimed and of such intensity as to reveal persons and vehicles at a distance of at least four hundred fifty (450) feet ahead for all conditions of loading.
(2) There shall be a lowermost distribution of light, or composite beam, so aimed and of sufficient intensity to reveal persons and vehicles at a distance of at least one hundred fifty (150) feet ahead; and on a straight level road under any condition of loading none of the high intensity portion of the beam shall be directed to strike the eyes of an approaching driver.
(b) Every new motor vehicle registered in this state which has multiple-beam road-lighting equipment shall be equipped with a beam indicator, which shall be lighted whenever the uppermost distribution of light from the head lamp is in use, and shall not otherwise be lighted. Said indicator shall be so designed and located that when lighted it will be readily visible without glare to the driver of the vehicle so equipped.
History: L. 1974, ch. 33, § 8-1724; L. 1975, ch. 39, § 23; April 19.
(a) When the driver of a vehicle approaches an oncoming vehicle within 500 feet, such driver shall use a distribution of light, or composite beam, so aimed that the glaring rays are not projected into the eyes of the oncoming driver. The lowermost distribution of light, or composite beam, specified in subsection (a)(2) of K.S.A. 8-1724, and amendments thereto, or subsection (b)(2) of K.S.A. 8-1805, and amendments thereto, shall be dimmed to avoid glare at all times, regardless of road contour and loading.
(b) When the driver of a vehicle approaches another vehicle from the rear, within 300 feet, except when engaged in the act of overtaking and passing, such driver shall use a distribution of light permissible under this article other than the uppermost distribution of light specified in subsection (a)(1) of K.S.A. 8-1724, and amendments thereto, or subsection (b)(1) of K.S.A. 8-1805, and amendments thereto.
(c) The requirements in subsections (a) and (b) shall not apply to:
(1) Authorized emergency vehicles displaying alternately flashing or simultaneously flashing head lamps as provided in K.S.A. 8-1720, and amendments thereto; or
(2) school buses displaying alternately flashing or simultaneously flashing head lamps as provided in K.S.A. 8-1730, and amendments thereto.
History: L. 1974, ch. 33, § 8-1725; L. 1984, ch. 40, § 1; L. 1989, ch. 43, § 2; L. 2000, ch. 74, § 1; Apr. 20.
(1) The head lamps shall be so aimed that when the vehicle is not loaded none of the high intensity portion of the light at a distance of twenty-five (25) feet ahead shall project higher than a level of five (5) inches below the level of the center of the lamp from which it comes, and in no case higher than forty-two (42) inches above the level on which the vehicle stands at a distance of seventy-five (75) feet ahead.
(2) The intensity shall be sufficient to reveal persons and vehicles at a distance of at least two hundred (200) feet.
History: L. 1974, ch. 33, § 8-1726; July 1.
History: L. 1974, ch. 33, § 8-1727; July 1.
(b) Whenever a motor vehicle equipped with head lamps as herein required is also equipped with any auxiliary lamps or a spot lamp or any other lamp on the front thereof projecting a beam of intensity greater than three hundred (300) candlepower, not more than a total of four (4) of any such lamps on the front of a vehicle shall be lighted at any one time when upon a highway.
History: L. 1974, ch. 33, § 8-1728; July 1.
(b) Except as required or permitted in K.S.A. 8-1720 and 8-1730, and amendments thereto, no person shall drive or move any vehicle or equipment upon any highway with any lamp or device capable of displaying a red light visible from directly in front of the center thereof, nor shall any vehicle or equipment upon any highway have any lamp or device displaying any color of light visible from directly in front of the center thereof except white or amber or any shade of color between white and amber.
(c) Flashing lights are prohibited except as authorized or required in K.S.A. 8-1717, 8-1720, 8-1721, 8-1722, 8-1723, 8-1730, 8-1730a and 8-1731, and amendments thereto.
(d) The flashing lights described in K.S.A. 8-1720, 8-1730 and 8-1730a, and amendments thereto, shall not be used on any vehicle other than a school bus, church bus or day care program bus, as defined in K.S.A. 8-1730a, and amendments thereto, or an authorized emergency vehicle.
(e) All lighting devices and reflectors mounted on the rear of any vehicle shall display or reflect a red color, except the stop light or other signal device, which may be red, amber or yellow, and except that the light illuminating the license plate shall be white and the light emitted by a back-up lamp shall be white or amber.
History: L. 1974, ch. 33, § 8-1729; L. 1975, ch. 39, § 24; L. 1978, ch. 40, § 1; L. 1980, ch. 43, § 1; L. 2005, ch. 18, § 3; July 1.
(1) Shall be equipped with signal lamps mounted as high and as widely spaced laterally as practicable, which shall display to the front two alternately flashing red lights located at the same level and to the rear two alternately flashing red lights located at the same level, and these lights shall be visible at 500 feet in normal sunlight; and
(2) every new school bus put into initial service after July 1, 2007, shall be equipped with a white flashing strobe light mounted on the roof of such bus to afford optimum visibility.
(b) Any school bus, in addition to the lights required by subsection (a), may be equipped with:
(1) Yellow signal lamps mounted near each of the four red lamps and at the same level but closer to the vertical centerline of the bus, which shall display two alternately flashing yellow lights to the front and two alternately flashing yellow lights to the rear, and these lights shall be visible at 500 feet in normal sunlight. These lights shall be displayed by the school bus driver at least 200 feet, but not more than 1,000 feet, before every stop at which the alternately flashing red lights required by subsection (a) will be actuated; or
(2) head lamps which alternately flash on low beam or simultaneously flash on low beam, except such head lamps shall only be activated during daylight hours.
(c) The state board of education is authorized to adopt rules and regulations promulgating standards and specifications applicable to lighting equipment on and special warning devices to be carried by school buses consistent with the provisions of this act. Such standards and specifications shall correlate with and so far as consistent with the provisions of this act conform to the specifications then current as approved by the society of automotive engineers.
(d) The provisions of this section shall be subject to the provisions contained in K.S.A. 8-2009a, and amendments thereto.
History: L. 1974, ch. 33, § 8-1730; L. 1975, ch. 39, § 25; L. 1975, ch. 427, § 35; L. 1976, ch. 40, § 8; L. 1994, ch. 201, § 3; L. 2000, ch. 74, § 2; L. 2006, ch. 103, § 1; July 1, 2007.
(b) As used in chapter 8 of Kansas Statutes Annotated "day care program" means the same as is ascribed thereto in K.S.A. 39-1006, and amendments thereto, and "day care program bus" means every bus used primarily to carry out functions of a day care program or used by a child care facility licensed by the Kansas department of health and environment who provides transportation for children six through 18 years of age.
(c) Any church bus or day care program bus, in addition to any other equipment and distinctive markings required by law, may be equipped with: (1) Signal lamps which conform to the requirements of K.S.A. 8-1730, and amendments thereto, and rules and regulations adopted pursuant thereto; and (2) a stop signal arm which conforms to requirements applicable to school buses which have been adopted by rules and regulations of the state board of education.
History: L. 1978, ch. 40, § 3; L. 1980, ch. 43, § 2; L. 1994, ch. 201, § 4; L. 2001, ch. 142, § 4; July 1.
History: L. 1974, ch. 33, § 8-1731; L. 1975, ch. 426, § 47; Aug. 15.
History: L. 1974, ch. 33, §§ 8-1732, 8-1733; L. 1975, ch. 427, §§ 36, 37; Repealed, L. 1979, ch. 42, § 2; July 1.
(b) Every motor vehicle and combination of vehicles shall have a parking brake system adequate to hold such vehicle or combination on any grade on which it is operated under all conditions of loading, on a surface free from snow, ice or loose material.
(c) When necessary for the safe operation of any vehicle or class of vehicles, the secretary of transportation may require additional braking systems.
(d) The provisions of this section shall not apply to vehicles registered pursuant to K.S.A. 8-166 et seq. and any amendments thereto.
History: L. 1974, ch. 33, § 8-1734; L. 1975, ch. 39, § 26; L. 1975, ch. 427, § 38; Aug. 15.
History: L. 1974, ch. 33, §§ 8-1735, 8-1736; Repealed, L. 1975, ch. 39, § 38; April 19.
History: L. 1974, ch. 33, § 8-1737; L. 1975, ch. 427, § 39; Repealed, L. 1979, ch. 42, § 2; July 1.
(b) No vehicle shall be equipped with nor shall any person use upon a vehicle any siren, whistle or bell, except as otherwise permitted in this section.
(c) Any vehicle may be equipped with a theft alarm signal device which is so arranged that it cannot be used by the driver as an ordinary warning signal. Such a theft alarm signal device may use a whistle, bell, horn or other audible signal but shall not use a siren.
(d) Every authorized emergency vehicle shall be equipped with a siren, whistle or bell, capable of emitting sound audible under normal conditions from a distance of not less than 500 feet and of a type approved by the secretary of transportation, but such siren shall not be used except when such vehicle is operated in response to an emergency call or in the immediate pursuit of an actual or suspected violator of the law, in which said latter events the driver of such vehicle shall sound said siren when reasonably necessary to warn pedestrians and other drivers of the approach thereof.
(e) Every truck specifically designed and equipped and used exclusively for garbage, refuse or solid waste disposal operations shall be equipped with a whistle, bell or other audible signal. Such whistle, bell or other audible signal shall be used only when the driver of the truck is backing such truck. Notwithstanding the provisions of this section, a city may adopt an ordinance prohibiting the activation of such whistle, bell or other audible signal during specific periods of time during the day.
History: L. 1974, ch. 33, § 8-1738; L. 1975, ch. 427, § 40; L. 2004, ch. 114, § 2; Apr. 29.
(b) The engine and power mechanism of every motor vehicle shall be so equipped and adjusted as to prevent the escape of excessive fumes or smoke.
History: L. 1974, ch. 33, § 8-1739; July 1.
(b) Every motor vehicle, except a motorcycle, shall be equipped with an additional mirror mounted either inside the vehicle approximately in the center or outside the vehicle on the right side and so located as to reflect to the driver a view of the highway to the rear of the vehicle.
(c) All mirrors required by regulations of the United States department of transportation shall be maintained in good condition.
History: L. 1974, ch. 33, § 8-1740; July 1.
(b) No person shall drive any motor vehicle with a damaged front windshield or side or rear windows which substantially obstructs the driver's clear view of the highway or any intersecting highway.
(c) The windshield on every motor vehicle shall be equipped with a device for cleaning rain, snow or other moisture from the windshield, which device shall be so constructed as to be controlled or operated by the driver of the vehicle.
(d) Every windshield wiper upon a motor vehicle shall be maintained in good working order.
History: L. 1974, ch. 33, § 8-1741; L. 1993, ch. 37, § 1; July 1.
(b) No person shall operate or move on any highway any motor vehicle, trailer or semitrailer having any metal tire in contact with the roadway.
(c) No tire on a vehicle moved on a highway shall have on its periphery any protuberance of any material other than rubber which projects beyond the tread of the traction surface of the tire, except that it shall be permissible to use:
(1) Farm machinery with tires having protuberances which will not injure the highway;
(2) tire chains of reasonable proportions upon any vehicle when required for safety because of snow, ice or other conditions tending to cause a vehicle to skid;
(3) studded traction equipment upon any vehicle when required for safety because of snow, ice or other conditions tending to cause a vehicle to skid; or
(4) pneumatic tires having metallic or nonmetallic studs designed to improve traction without materially injuring the surface of the highway. To qualify under paragraph (3) or (4), such tires or studded traction equipment shall be approved by the secretary of transportation by adoption of rules and regulations, and their use may be limited to certain months or types of vehicles by such rules and regulations.
(d) The secretary of transportation and local authorities in their respective jurisdictions may issue special permits authorizing the operation upon a highway of traction engines or tractors having movable tracks with transverse corrugations upon the periphery of such movable tracks or farm tractors or other farm machinery, the operation of which upon a highway would otherwise be prohibited under this section.
(e) It is unlawful for any person to operate a motor vehicle or combination of vehicles having one or more tires in an unsafe condition. A solid rubber tire is in an unsafe condition if it does not comply with the provisions of subsection (a). A pneumatic tire is in an unsafe condition if it has:
(1) Any part of the ply or cord exposed;
(2) any bump, bulge or separation;
(3) a tread design depth of less than 1/16 inch measured in any two or more adjacent tread grooves, exclusive of tie bars, or, for those tires with tread wear indicators worn to the level of the tread wear indicators in any two tread grooves;
(4) a marking "not for highway use" or "for racing purposes only" or "unsafe for highway use";
(5) tread of sidewall cracks, cuts or snags deep enough to expose the body cord;
(6) been regrooved or recut below the original tread design depth, excepting special taxi tires which have extra undertread rubber and are identified as such; or
(7) such other conditions as may be reasonably demonstrated to render it unsafe.
(f) The provisions of subsection (e) shall not apply to a vehicle or combination of vehicles being transported by a wrecker or tow truck, as defined in K.S.A. 66-1329, and amendments thereto.
(g) It shall be unlawful for any person to operate a vehicle with a single tire on any hubs configured for a dual tire assembly. The provisions of this subsection shall not apply: (1) To any truck registered for a gross weight of 20,000 pounds or less; (2) to any vehicle or combination of vehicles operating with wide-base single tires, as defined in K.S.A. 8-1742b, and amendments thereto, on any hubs configured for a dual tire assembly; (3) to any single axle with hubs configured for a dual tire assembly when such single axle does not exceed 9,000 pounds and is a part of a triple-axle combination; or (4) in cases of emergency.
History: L. 1974, ch. 33, § 8-1742; L. 1975, ch. 427, § 41; L. 1984, ch. 39, § 16; L. 1986, ch. 42, § 1; L. 1993, ch. 262, § 1; L. 1994, ch. 342, § 4; July 1.
History: L. 1984, ch. 39, § 17; Jan. 1, 1985.
(b) The following shall apply where wide-base single tires are used in the operation of any vehicle or combination of vehicles:
(1) The maximum load for a wide-base single tire on a steering axle shall not exceed 600 pounds per inch of tire section width. The maximum load for a wide-base single tire on any other axle shall not exceed 575 pounds per inch of tire section width.
(2) No wide-base single tire shall exceed the load designated by the manufacturer; and
(3) the maximum tire inflation pressures shall be as designated by the manufacturer.
(c) The provisions of paragraph (1) of subsection (b) shall apply to all wide-based single tires purchased after July 1, 1993.
(d) Any conviction or forfeiture of bail or bond for any violation of this section shall not be construed as a moving traffic violation for the purpose of K.S.A. 8-255, and amendments thereto.
History: L. 1993, ch. 125, § 1; July 1.
(b) No person shall sell or affix to a motor vehicle any truck-camper manufactured or assembled after July 1, 1968, unless such truck-camper is equipped with safety glazing material where glazing material is used in doors and windows.
(c) The division of vehicles shall not register any motor vehicle which is subject to the provisions of this section unless it is equipped with safety glazing material, and the division shall suspend the registration of any such motor vehicle which is not so equipped until it conforms to the requirements of this section.
(d) No person shall replace any glass or glazing materials used in partitions, doors, windows or windshields in any motor vehicle with any material other than safety glazing material.
(e) This section is subject to K.S.A. 8-2009a.
(f) As used in this section, "safety glazing material" means glazing material which conforms to the American national standard "safety code for safety glazing materials for glazing motor vehicles operating on land highways," Z26.1-1966, July 15, 1966, as supplemented by Z26.1a-1969, March 7, 1969.
(g) Violation of this section is a misdemeanor.
History: L. 1974, ch. 33, § 8-1743; L. 1975, ch. 427, § 42; L. 1976, ch. 40, § 9; L. 1979, ch. 42, § 1; L. 1984, ch. 39, § 18; Jan. 1, 1985.
(1) At least three (3) flares or three (3) red electric lanterns or three (3) portable red emergency reflectors, each of which shall be capable of being seen and distinguished at a distance of not less than six hundred (600) feet under normal atmospheric conditions at nighttime.
No flare, fusee, electric lantern or warning flag shall be used for the purpose of compliance with the requirements of this section, unless such equipment is of a type which has been submitted to the secretary of transportation and approved by the secretary. No portable reflector unit shall be used for the purpose of compliance with the requirements of this section, unless it is so designed and constructed as to be capable of reflecting red light clearly visible from all distances within six hundred (600) feet to one hundred (100) feet under normal atmospheric conditions at night when directly in front of lawful lower beams of head lamps, and unless it is of a type which has been submitted to and approved by the secretary of transportation.
(2) At least three (3) red-burning fusees, unless red electric lanterns or red portable emergency reflectors are carried.
(b) No person shall operate at the time and under conditions stated in subsection (a) any motor vehicle used for the transportation of explosives or any cargo tank truck used for the transportation of flammable liquids or compressed gases, unless there shall be carried in such vehicle three (3) red electric lanterns or three (3) portable red emergency reflectors meeting the requirements of subsection (a), and there shall not be carried in any said vehicle, or in any vehicle using compressed gas as a fuel, any flares, fusees or signal produced by flame.
(c) No person shall operate any vehicle described in subsection (a) or (b) upon any highway outside of an urban district or upon a divided highway at any time when lighted lamps are not required by K.S.A. 8-1703, unless there shall be carried in such vehicle at least two (2) red flags, not less than twelve (12) inches square, with standards to support such flags.
(d) Any person who is subject to requirements of any federal agency with respect to flares, fusees, electric lanterns or warning flags and who is in compliance with such federal regulations shall be deemed to be in compliance with the provisions of this section and K.S.A. 8-1745.
History: L. 1974, ch. 33, § 8-1744; L. 1975, ch. 39, § 27; L. 1975, ch. 427, § 43; Aug. 15.
(b) Whenever any vehicle of a type referred to in subsection (a) is disabled, or stopped for more than ten (10) minutes, upon a roadway outside of an urban district at any time when lighted lamps are required, the driver of such vehicle shall display the following warning devices, except as provided in subsection (c):
(1) A lighted fusee, a lighted red electric lantern or a portable red emergency reflector shall immediately be placed at the traffic side of the vehicle in the direction of the nearest approaching traffic.
(2) As soon thereafter as possible but in any event within the burning period of the fusee, the driver shall place three (3) liquid-burning flares, or three (3) lighted red electric lanterns, or three (3) portable red emergency reflectors on the roadway in the following order:
(i) One (1) approximately one hundred (100) feet from the disabled vehicle in the center of the lane occupied by such vehicle and toward traffic approaching in that lane.
(ii) One (1) approximately one hundred (100) feet in the opposite direction from the disabled vehicle and in the center of the traffic lane occupied by such vehicle.
(iii) One (1) at the traffic side of the disabled vehicle not less than ten (10) feet rearward or forward thereof in the direction of the nearest approaching traffic. If a lighted red electric lantern or a red portable emergency reflector has been placed at the traffic side of the vehicle in accordance with paragraph (1) of this subsection, it may be used for this purpose.
(c) Whenever any vehicle referred to in this section is disabled, or stopped for more than ten (10) minutes, within five hundred (500) feet of a curve, hillcrest or other obstruction to view, the warning device in that direction shall be so placed as to afford ample warning to other users of the highway, but in no case less than one hundred (100) feet nor more than five hundred (500) feet from the disabled vehicle.
(d) Whenever any vehicle of a type referred to in this section is disabled, or stopped for more than ten (10) minutes, upon any roadway of a divided highway during the time lighted lamps are required, the appropriate warning devices prescribed in subsections (b) and (e) shall be placed as follows: One (1) at a distance of approximately two hundred (200) feet from the vehicle in the center of the lane occupied by the stopped vehicle and in the direction of traffic approaching in that lane; one (1) at a distance of approximately one hundred (100) feet from the vehicle, in the center of the lane occupied by the vehicle and in the direction of traffic approaching in that lane; one (1) at the traffic side of the vehicle and approximately ten (10) feet from the vehicle in the direction of the nearest approaching traffic.
(e) Whenever any motor vehicle used in the transportation of explosives or any cargo tank truck used for the transportation of any flammable liquid or compressed gas is disabled, or stopped for more than ten (10) minutes, at any time and place mentioned in subsection (b), (c) or (d), the driver of such vehicle shall immediately display red electric lanterns or portable red emergency reflectors in the same number and manner specified therein. Flares, fusees or signals produced by flame shall not be used as warning devices for vehicles of the type mentioned in this subsection nor for vehicles using compressed gas as a fuel.
(f) The warning devices described in subsections (b) to (e) need not be displayed where there is sufficient light to reveal persons and vehicles within a distance of one thousand (1,000) feet.
(g) Whenever any vehicle described in this section is disabled, or stopped for more than ten (10) minutes, upon a roadway outside of an urban district or upon the roadway of a divided highway at any time when lighted lamps are not required by K.S.A. 8-1703, the driver of the vehicle shall display two (2) red flags as follows:
(1) If traffic on the roadway moves in two (2) directions, one (1) flag shall be placed approximately one hundred (100) feet to the rear and one (1) flag approximately one hundred (100) feet in advance of the vehicle in the center of the lane occupied by such vehicle.
(2) Upon a one-way roadway, one (1) flag shall be placed approximately one hundred (100) feet and one (1) flag approximately two hundred (200) feet to the rear of the vehicle in the center of the lane occupied by such vehicle.
(h) When any vehicle described in this section is stopped entirely off the roadway and on an adjacent shoulder at any time and place hereinbefore mentioned, the warning devices shall be placed, as nearly as practicable, on the shoulder near the edge of the roadway.
(i) The flares, fusees, red electric lanterns, portable red emergency reflectors and flags to be displayed as required in this section shall conform with the requirements of K.S.A. 8-1744 applicable thereto.
History: L. 1974, ch. 33, § 8-1745; July 1.
(b) Any person operating a vehicle transporting any hazardous material as a cargo or part of a cargo upon a highway shall at all times comply with rules and regulations of the secretary adopted under this section.
(c) Every such vehicle shall be marked or placarded at such places as prescribed by such rules and regulations.
(d) Every such vehicle shall be equipped with fire extinguishers of a type, size and number approved by the secretary, filled and ready for immediate use, and placed at convenient points on the vehicle.
(e) Violation of this section is a misdemeanor.
History: L. 1974, ch. 33, § 8-1746; L. 1975, ch. 426, § 48; L. 1984, ch. 39, § 19; L. 1985, ch. 227, § 2; July 1.
(b) Air-conditioning equipment shall be manufactured, installed and maintained with due regard for the safety of the occupants of the vehicle and the public, and shall not contain any refrigerant which is toxic to persons or which is flammable.
(c) The secretary of transportation may adopt and enforce safety requirements, rules or regulations and specifications consistent with the requirements of this section applicable to such equipment, which shall correlate with and, so far as possible, conform to the current recommended practice or standard applicable to such equipment approved by the society of automotive engineers.
(d) No person shall have for sale, offer for sale, sell or equip any motor vehicle with any such equipment unless it complies with the requirements of this section.
(e) No person shall operate on any highway any motor vehicle equipped with any air-conditioning equipment unless said equipment complies with the requirements of this section.
History: L. 1974, ch. 33, § 8-1747; L. 1975, ch. 426, § 49; Aug. 15.
History: L. 1974, ch. 33, § 8-1748; L. 1994, ch. 194, § 1; Repealed, L. 2007, ch. 140, § 19; July 1.
(b) Every passenger car manufactured or assembled after January 1, 1968, shall be equipped with a lap-type safety belt assembly for each permanent passenger seating position. This requirement shall not apply to police vehicles.
(c) Every passenger car manufactured or assembled after January 1, 1968, shall be equipped with at least two (2) shoulder harness-type safety belt assemblies for use in the front seating positions.
(d) The secretary of transportation shall except specified types of motor vehicles or seating positions within any motor vehicle from the requirements imposed by subsections (a) to (c) when compliance would be impractical.
(e) No person shall distribute, have for sale, offer for sale or sell any safety belt or shoulder harness for use in motor vehicles unless it meets current minimum standards and specifications approved by the secretary of transportation.
History: L. 1974, ch. 33, § 8-1749; L. 1975, ch. 427, § 44; Aug. 15.
(1) A sun screening device when used in conjunction with the windshield shall be nonreflective and shall not be red, yellow or amber in color. A sun screening device shall be used only along the top of the windshield and shall not extend downward beyond the AS1 line which is clearly defined and marked;
(2) a sun screening device when used in conjunction with the safety glazing materials of the side wings or side windows located at the immediate right and left of the driver, the side windows behind the driver and the rear most window shall be nonreflective; and
(3) the total light transmission shall not be less than 35% when a sun screening device is used in conjunction with safety glazing materials or other existing sun screening devices.
(b) The superintendent of the highway patrol may adopt such rules and regulations necessary to carry out the provisions of subsection (a).
(c) This section shall not prohibit labels, stickers or other informational signs that are required or permitted by state law.
(d) No motor vehicle required to be registered in this state which is operated on the highways of this state shall be equipped with head lamps which are covered with any sun screen device, adhesive film or other glaze or application which, when such lamps are not in operation, is highly reflective or otherwise nontransparent.
(e) (1) From and after July 1, 1987, and prior to January 1, 1988, a law enforcement officer shall issue a warning citation to any person violating the provisions of this section.
(2) From and after January 1, 1988, any person convicted of violating the provisions of this section shall be guilty of a misdemeanor.
History: L. 1977, ch. 27, § 1; L. 1984, ch. 39, § 20; L. 1987, ch. 48, § 3; July 1.
(a) "Sun screening devices" means a film material or device that is designed to be used in conjunction with motor vehicle safety glazing materials for reducing the effects of the sun;
(b) "light transmission" means the ratio of the amount of total light to pass through a product or material including any safety glazing material to the amount of the total light falling on the product or material and the glazing;
(c) "luminous reflectants" means the ratio of the amount of total light that is reflected outward by the product or material to the amount of the total light falling on the product or material;
(d) "nonreflective" means a product or material designed to absorb light rather than to reflect it.
History: L. 1987, ch. 48, § 1; July 1.
History: L. 1987, ch. 48, § 2; July 1.
History: L. 1974, ch. 42, § 1; L. 1975, ch. 39, § 28; Repealed, L. 1984, ch. 35, § 6; March 15.
History: L. 1974, ch. 42, § 2; L. 1975, ch. 40, § 1; Repealed, L. 1984, ch. 35, § 6; March 15.
History: L. 1976, ch. 41, § 4; Repealed, L. 1984, ch. 35, § 6; March 15.
History: L. 1974, ch. 42, §§ 3, 4; L. 1975, ch. 40, §§ 2, 3; Repealed, L. 1984, ch. 35, § 6; March 15.
History: L. 1974, ch. 42, § 5; L. 1975, ch. 40, § 4; L. 1976, ch. 45, § 3; L. 1976, ch. 52, § 2; L. 1980, ch. 38, § 2; Repealed, L. 1984, ch. 35, § 6; March 15.
History: L. 1974, ch. 42, § 6; Repealed, L. 1975, ch. 40, § 8; May 2.
History: L. 1974, ch. 42, §§ 7, 8; Repealed, L. 1984, ch. 35, § 6; March 15.
History: L. 1974, ch. 42, § 9; L. 1975, ch. 40, § 5; L. 1976, ch. 52, § 3; L. 1978, ch. 41, § 1; Repealed, L. 1984, ch. 35, § 6; March 15.
(b) Violation of this section is a class A misdemeanor.
History: L. 1974, ch. 42, § 10; L. 1975, ch. 40, § 6; L. 1984, ch. 35, § 2; L. 1991, ch. 42, § 1; July 1.
(b) In the event a vehicle is found to be in unsafe condition or any required part or equipment is not present or in proper repair and adjustment, the member of the highway patrol shall give a written notice of such defect to the driver.
(c) In the event any such vehicle is, in the reasonable judgment of the member of the highway patrol, in such condition that further operation would be hazardous, such member of the highway patrol may require, in addition, that the vehicle not be operated under its own power or that it be driven to the nearest garage or other place of safety.
(d) Violation of this section is a class A misdemeanor.
History: L. 1976, ch. 52, § 1; L. 1984, ch. 35, § 4; L. 1991, ch. 42, § 2; July 1.
History: L. 1974, ch. 42, § 11; L. 1975, ch. 40, § 7; Repealed, L. 1984, ch. 35, § 6; March 15.
(b) As used in this section, "compression release engine braking system" means a hydraulically operated device that converts a power producing diesel engine into a power absorbing retarding mechanism.
(c) This section shall be part of and supplemental to the uniform act regulating traffic on highways.
History: L. 2004, ch. 114, § 1; Apr. 29.